find the SPELLING errors
1. (a) Accommodate (b) Acomodate
(c) Accomdate (d) Acomodait
2. (a) Recommand (b) Reccommend
(c) Recommend (d) Reccomand
3. (a) Argyument (b) Argument
(c) Arguement (d) Argyooment
4. (a) Decisive (b) Desisive
(c) Descisive (d) Desicive
5. (a) Aggressive (b) Agresive
(c) Agressive (d) Aggresive
6. (a) Assassination (b) Asassination
(c) Asasination (d) Assasination
7. (a) Embarassment (b) Embbarasment
(c) Embrasement (d) Embarrassment
IDIOMS/PHRASES
8. Dirt cheap
(a) Extremely cheap (b) Extremely costly
(c) Very cheap person (d) Very cheap item
9. A shrinking violet
(a) A lean person (b) A shy person
(c) A happy person (d) A sad person
10. Gordian knot
(a) Undoable job (b) A difficult problem
(c) A different problem (d) Doable job
11, Fall in a heap
(a) To be at the mercy of someone else
(b) To be thinking about someone
(c) To lose control of one's own feelings
(d) To be in control of one's own feelings
12. Have a conniption fit
(a) To be very angry (b) To be very happy
(c) To be very sad (d) To be a jubilant person
13. Be in seventh heaven
(a) To be extremely happy (b) To be extremely upset
(c) To be extremely adventurous (d) To be extremely silent
14. Hand in glove
(a) Working separately (b) Working together
(c) Working for someone (d) Not willing to work
15. Nip in the bud
(a) Prevent a small problem before it becomes severe
(b) Prevent the big problems
(c) Make it severe
(d) Beating the problem
16. Like a shag on a rock
(a) Completely alone (b) Completely idle
(c) Complete silence (d) Complete happy
17. A pearl of wisdom
(a) An important piece of news (b) An important person
(c) An important thing for life (d) An important piece of advice
CLOZE COMPREHENSION
Directions : Each of the following passages in this section has some blank spaces with four words or groups of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly,
Comprehension I
The founders of the Indian Republic_____18. (a) had the farsightedness and the courage to
(b) has
(C) has had
(d) were
commit _____ 19. (a) them to two major innovations of historical significance in
(b) themselves
(c) the people
(d) the course
nation-building and social engineering : first, to _______20. (a) build a democratic and civil
(b) building
(c) constructing
(d) built
_______21. (a) libertarian society among illiterate people and, second, to undertake economic
(b) liberation
(c) liberating
(d) liberty
Development_____ 22. (a) with a democratic political structure. Hitherto, in all
(b) within a
(c) for the
(d) without a
societies in which an economic takeoff or an early industrial and agricultural
__________ (a) breakthrough had occurred, effective democracy, especially from the working
(b) breakout
(c) breaking
(d) investment
people, had been extremely limited. On the other hand, _______ 24. (a) with the beginning,
(b) from
(c) within
(d) for
India was committed to ______25. (a) few democratic and civil libertarian political order
(b) some
(c) a
(d) an
and a representative system of government 26. (a) basing on free and fair elections
(b) basis of
(c) based
(d) function
to be conducted on the basis of universal adult franchise.
Comprehension_II
Ecology, in a very simple term, is a science that 27. (a) studies the interdependent,
(b) study
(c) studying
(d) exploring
mutually reactive and interconnected relationships_____ 28. (a) among the organisms and
(b) between
(c) to
(d) for
_______29. (a) their physical environment on the one hand and among the organisms on the
(b) its
(c) theirs
(d) all
other hand.______30. (a) Through the term 'ecology' was first coined and used by the
.
(b) In spite of
(c) Though
(d) Because
German biologist Ernst Haeckel in 1869, a few conceptual terms ____ 31. (a) are
(b) were
(c) have been
(d) have
already proposed to reveal relationships_____32. (a) among organisms and their environment.
(b) those
(c) of
(d) between
For example, French zoologist I. G. Hilaire used the term 'ethology’_____ 33. (a) for the
(b) to
(c) with
(d) in
study of the relations of ___ 34. (a) the organisms within the family and society in the
(b) a
(c) live
(d) dead
aggregate and in the community. British naturalist St. George Jackson Mivart proposed the term 'hexicology' with regard to the study of the relations ___ 35. (a) for living creatures
(b) of
(c) within
(d) in
to other organisms and their environment as regards the nature of the locality they frequent, the temperatures and the _____ 36. (a) amount of light which suit them, and their relations to
(b) focus
(c) share
(d) quality
other organisms as enemies, rivals, or accidental and involuntary benefactors.
SYNONYMS
37. The properties of the family have been impounded by the order of the court.
(a) Confiscated (b) Permitted
(c) Sold (d) Put on hold
38. The officer in charge of the operations has been impugned for the excesses.
(a) Expelled (b) Rewarded
(c) Challenged (d) Given allowance
39. Cognitivist and linguists believe that every child is born with innate qualities.
(a) Biological (b) Intrinsic
(c) Extrinsic (d) Unnatural
40. It was obligatory for the board to implement the rule.
a) Compulsory (b) Unnecessary
(c) By chance (d) Problematic
41. They describe the act as a blatant betrayal of faith.
(a) Loyal (b) Faithfulness
(c) Treachery (d) Honesty
42. However, if it must decide, then it should do so on the narrowest ground possible.
(a) Widest (b) Slightly
(c) Smallest (d) Thick
43. This is akin to a contractual relationship that places obligations on the entities entrusted
with data.
(a) Removed (b) Narrow
(c) Similar (d) Unparallel
44. Many communication problems can be attributed directly to misunderstandings and
inaccuracies.
(a) Disapproved (b) Unofficial
(c) Ascribed (d) Tribute
45. The exemptions granted to State institutions for acquiring informed consent from processing
personal data in many cases appear to be too blanket.
(a) Obtain (b) Lose
(c) Giving (d) Thinking
46. The manner in which this exercise has been undertaken leaves much to be desired.
(a) Disliked (b) Unlikely
(c) Wish for (d) Asked for
ORDERING OF SENTENCES
47. S1: The master always says, "Refuse to be miserable".
S6 : This is the art of right contact in life.
P : Before you fall into self-pity and blame games, remember that responsibility comes to
only those who feel responsible.
Q : Challenges are faced by the strong and courageous, and if life brings you such opportunities, then turn failures into success.
R : Life can be painful, but it need not be sorrowful.
S : If you want to be happy, find occasions to be cheerful.
The correct sequence should be
(a) RSPQ (b) SQPR
(c) QRSP (d) ROSP
48. S1 : Gandhiji reached Newcastle and took charge of the agitation.
S6 : The treatment that was meted out to these brave men and women in jail included
starvation and whipping, and being forced to work in the mines by mounted military police.
P: During the course of the march, Gandhiji was arrested twice, released, arrested a third
time and sent to jail.
Q : The employers retaliated by cutting off water and electricity to the workers' quarters,
thus forcing them to leave their homes.
R : Gandhiji decided to march this army of over two thousand men, women and children
over the border and thus see them lodged in Transvaal jails,
S: The morale of the workers, however, was very high and they continued to march till they
were prosecuted and sent to jail,
The correct sequence should be
(a) QRPS (b) SRQP
(c) QPSR (d) ROSP
49. S1 : One of the most important forces in the modern world, socialism was a direct result of
the Industrial Revolution.
S6 : This is how socialism as a theory and practice came into being.
P: Socialism was a direct challenge to capitalism and sought to put an end to such an
exploitative economic structure.
Q : The gulf between the 'haves' and the have not’s continued to increase and out of this
gap between the rich and poor sprang disputes.
R : It generated new wealth but as this new wealth only went to a minority, it could not
solve the question of distribution.
S: The Industrial Revolution solved the question of production.
The correct sequence should be
(a) PQRS b) SRQP
(c) SRPQ (d) ROSP
50. S1 : Institutions define and play a regulatory role with regard to human behavior.
S6: It shows how important it is for a nation to build institutions for nurturing democracy.
P : Once established, institutions set a dynamic relationship with the members constituting
them and they mutually affect each other.
Q : They shape preferences, power and privilege.
R : At the same time, institutions themselves can be transformed by the politics they
produce and such transformation can affect social norms and behaviours.
S: They also provide a sense of order and predictability.
The correct sequence should be
(a) RPQS (b) QRSP
(C) PSRO (d) QSRP
51. S1 : Idioms are a colorful and fascinating aspect of language.
S6 : Idioms may also suggest a particular attitude of the person using them, for example,
disapproval, humour, exasperation or admiration, so you must use them carefully.
P : Your language skills will increase rapidly if you can understand idioms and use them
confidently and correctly.
Q : They are commonly used in all types of language, informal and formal, spoken and
written
R: In addition, idioms often have a stronger meaning than non-idiomatic phrases.
S : One of the main problems students have with idioms is that it is often impossible to
guess the meaning of an idiom from the words it contains.
The correct sequence should be
(a) ROPS (b) RSPQ
(c) SRQP (d) QPSR
52. S1: Each organism is adapted to its environment.
S6 : What can be taken in and broken down depends on the body design and functioning.
P : There is arrange of strategies by which the food is taken in and used by the organism.
Q : For example, whether the food source is stationary (such as grass) or mobile (such as
deer), would allow for differences in how the food is accessed and what is nutritive
apparatus used by a cow or a lion.
R : The form of nutrition differs depending on the type and availability of food material as
well as how it is obtained by an organism. S: Some organisms break down the food material outside the body and then absorb it and others take in the whole material and break it down inside their bodies.
The correct sequence should be
(a) ROPS (b) QPSR
(c) SQPR (d) QPRS
53. S1 : "When I was alive and had a human heart," answered the statue, "I did not know what
tears were, for I lived in the Palace of Sans-Souci where sorrow is not allowed to enter.
S6 : And now that I am dead they have set me up here so high that I can see all the ugliness
and all the misery of my city, and though my heart is made of lead yet I cannot choose but weep."
P: So I lived, and so I died.
Q : Round the garden ran a very lofty wall, but I never cared to ask what lay beyond it,
everything about me was so beautiful.
R : My courtiers called me the Happy Prince, and happy indeed I was, if pleasure be
happiness.,
S : In the daytime I played with my companions in the garden, and in the evening I led the
dance in the Great Hall.
The correct sequence should be
(a) QSRP (b) PQRS
(C) PROS (d) RPQS
54. S1 : One day her mother, having made some cakes, said to her, "Go, my dear, and see how
your grandmother is doing, for I hear she has been very ill. Take her a cake, and this
little pot of butter."
S6 : "Does she live far off?" said the wolf.
P : He asked her where she was going.
Q : The poor child, who did not know that it was dangerous to stay and talk to a wolf, said
to him, "I am going to see my grandmother and carry her a cake and a little pot of butter from my mother."
R: As she was going through the wood, she met with a wolf, who had a very great mind to
eat her up, but he dared not, because of some woodcutters working nearby in the forest. S : She set out immediately to go to her grandmother, who lived in another village.
The correct sequence should be
(a) PROS (b) SRPQ
(c) PRSQ (d) RPQS
55. S1: I had spent many nights in the jungle looking for game, but this was the first time I had
ever spent a night looking for a man-eater.
S6 : It was in this position my men an hour later found me fast asleep; of the tiger I had
neither heard nor seen anything.
P: I bitterly regretted the impulse that had induced me to place myself at the man-eater's
mercy.
Q : The length of road immediately in front of me was brilliantly lit by the moon, but to right
and left the overhanging trees cast dark shadows, and when the night wind agitated the
branches and the shadows moved, I saw a dozen tigers advancing on me.
R : As the grey dawn was lighting up the snowy range which I was facing, I rested my head
on my drawn-up knees. S ; I lacked the courage to retum to the village and admit I was too frightened to carry out my self-imposed task, and with teeth chattering, as much from fear as from cold, I sat : out the long night.
The correct sequence should be
(a} QPSR (b) SRPQ
(C) PRSQ (d) RPQS
PART OF SPEECH
56. Rita eats her dinner quickly.
(a) Verb (b) Preposition
(c) Adjective (d) Adverb
57. He thought the movie ended abruptly.
(a) Noun (b) Adverb
(c) Verb (d) Adjective
58. I will meet you in the third week of August.
(a) Pronoun (b) Verb
(c) Preposition (d) Noun
59. Jasmines and roses are my favourite flowers.
(a) Verb (b) Preposition
(c) Conjunction (d) Interjection
60. She truthfully answered the detective's questions.
(a) Verb (b) Adjective
(c) Noun (d) Adverb
61. Hurrah! We won the game!
(a) Interjection (b) Conjunction
(c) Noun (d) Pronoun
62. The son writes meaningless letters to his father.
(a) Adverb (b) Verb
(c) Pronoun (d) Adjective
63. The secretary himself visited the affected families.
(a) Verb (b) Noun
(c) Adverb (d) Pronoun
64. The children were walking through the forest.
(a) Verb (b) Adverb
(c) Adjective (d) Preposition
65. The Presiding Officer walked slowly to the dais.
(a) Adverb (b) Adjective
(c) Verb (d) Noun
66. Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder.
(a) Allure (b) Charm
(c) Inelegance (d) Ideal
67. Reading details about suicide cases can push vulnerable people taking the extreme step.
(a) Imperious (b) Impervious
(c) Helpless (d) Defenseless
68. Standing before a judge in a courtroom can be daunting for anyone.
(a) Uncomfortable (b) Encouraging
(c) Demoralizing (d) Off-putting
69. He has been facing a kind of intimidation by his friends for last two years.
(a) Wiles (b) Conviction
(c) Persuasion (d) Support
70. There are many factors that constrain the philosophy of job enrichment in practice.
(a) Oblige (b) Pressure
(c) Restrict (d) Support
71. People look for plausible remedies to the problems which they do not know.
(a) Acceptable (b) Unthinkable
(c) Solvable (d) Believable
72. The departing speech of the Chairperson ended with a plaintive note.
(a) Melancholic b) Gleeful
(c) Doleful (d) Adventurous
73. The members have taken a unanimous decision to discord some of the rulings of the Managing
Committee on problems relating to maintenance.
(a) Accord (b) Dissension
(c) Dispute (d) Friction
74. The insolent nature of the speaker had provoked the members of the house and this led to
pandemonium.
(a) Respectful (b) Autocratic
(c) Impudent (d) Thought provoking
75. Incessant rains have resulted in failure of crops during this season.
(a) Sporadic (b) Persistent
(c) Continual (d) Ceaseless
ORDERING OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE
Directions : Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, the parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to rearrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.
76. the company are often asked the formal or informal interviews employees who are leaving for their
P q r s
opinions during
(a) RPSQ
(b) RQPS
(c) PSQR
(d) PQSR
77. a hailstorm activity in the evenings there is a possibility of while there could be heavy rain towards
P Q R S
the weekend
(a) SQPR
(b) QSRP
(c) QRPS
(d) SPRQ
78. has been below normal since last week the minimum temperature in some part of the city
P Q R
when rain and hailstorm activity recorded
S
(a) RSPQ
(b) SPRQ
(C) QPSR
(d) PSQR
79. for guest teachers in the department of Biotechnology was also held a Selection Committee meeting
P Q R S
(a) SPRO
(b) QRSP
(c) PROS
(d) RSPQ
80. for contractual assignment at Cultural Centres abroad as Teacher of Indian Culture for two years
P Q
applications are invited in a prescribed format from Indian Nationals for deployment
R S
(a) QPRS
(b) SRPQ
(c) PQRS
(d) RSQP
81. while they are small and do the great things while they are easy do the difficult things
P Q R S
(a) SRQP
(B) PSQR
(C) SRPQ
(d) QPSR
82. then you sure if you can't don't deserve me at my best handle me at my worst
Q P R S
(a) PROS
(b) QSPR
(c) RQSP
(d) PSRO
83. you will be more disappointed than by the ones you did do by the things you didn't do
Q P R
twenty years from now
S
(a) PRSQ
(b) PROS
(C) POSR
(d) SPRO
84. man is one who can lay a firm foundation with the bricks a successful others have thrown at him
P Q R S
(a) POSR
(b) ROSP
( CRPOS
(d) QSPR
85. what we may be but we know not we know what we are
P Q R S
(a) RSQP
(b) QPRS
(c) QRPS
(d) ROPS
86. for the ordinary not willing to risk the unusual if you are you will have to settle
P Q R S
(a) PROS
(b) SPOR
(c) RQSP
(d) QSRP
87. as mere stepping stones his major achievements for the next advance he regarded
P Q R S
(a) SPOR
(b) SQPR
(c) SPRO
(d) RPQS
88. have a great influence and they often shape our personality on our adult lives
P Q R
events in our childhood
S
(a) SPRQ
b) SQRP
(c) SRQP
(d) PQRS
SPOTTING ERRORS
89. Experience has shown that the change-over from a closed economy to a mercantile economy
has presented in human society innumerable problems.
(a) Experience has shown that
b) the change-over from a closed economy
(c) to a mercantile economy has presented
(d) in human society innumerable problems
90. A closed economy is identified as a human community which produces all it consumes and
consumed all it produces.
(a) A closed economy is identified
(b) as a human community
(c) which produces all it consumes
(d) and consumed all it produces
91. Iron is the most useful against all metals.
(a) Iron is
(b) the most useful
(c) against all metals
(d) No error
92. Mumbai is largest cotton centre in the country.
(a) Mumbai is
(b) largest cotton centre
(c) in the country
(d) No error
93. While every care have been taken in preparing the results, the company reserves the right to
correct any inadvertent errors at a later stage.
(a) While every care have been taken
(b) in preparing the results,
(c) the company reserves the right to correct
(d) any inadvertent errors at a later stage
94. My sister and me are planning a trip from Jaipur to Delhi.
(a) My sister and me are
(b) planning a trip
(c) from Jaipur to Delhi
(d) No error
95. Despite the thrill of winning the lottery last week, my neighbour still seems happy.
(a) Despite the thrill of winning
(b) the lottery last week,
(c) my neighbor
(d) still seems happy
96. Children are not allowed to use the swimming pool unless they are with an adult. :
. (a) Children are not allowed
(b) to use the swimming pool
(c) unless they are with an adult
(d) No error
97. Her knowledge of Indian languages are far beyond the common.
(a) Her knowledge
(b) of Indian languages
(c) are far beyond the common
(d) No error
98. The care, as well as the love of a father, were missing in her life.
(a) The care, as well as the love
(b) of a father
(c) were missing in her life
(d) No error
99. You look as if you have ran all the way home.
(a) You look as if
(b) you have ran
(c) all the way home
(d) No error
100. The real voyage of discovery consist not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes.
(a)The real voyage of discovery
(b) consist not in seeking new landscapes,
(c) but in having new eyes
(d) No error
101. No struggle can ever succeeded without women participating side by side with men.
(a) No struggle can ever succeeded
(b) without women participating
(c) side by side with men
(d) No error
102. Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today.
(a) Education is the passport to the future,
(b) for tomorrow belong to those
(c) who prepare for it today
(d) No error
103. There come a time when you have to choose between turning the page and closing the book.
(a) There come a time
(b) when you have to choose
(c) between turning the page
(d) and closing the book
Passage I
Mankind's experience of various evolutionary changes from primitive times to the present day has been extensive and varied. However, man's problems were never before as complicated as they seem to be today, Man's economic activity centers primarily around production. Labour is said to be the primary factor of production; its role, therefore, has been given a lot of importance. It should be useful to have an overall view of the economic history of man-from the nomadic times to the modern factory system-and study its relevance to the various labor problems of today.
Initially, man passed through the hunting and fishing stage'. During this period, his basic needs were adequately met by Nature. Wild animals, birds and fruits satisfied his hunger, and his thirst was quenched by the waters of springs and rivers, Caves gave him shelter and barks of trees were used as clothing. During this stage of man's progress, labour problems did not exist because of the absence of any economic, political and social systems.
Then came the pastoral stage', which was marked by a certain amount of economic activity. The nomadic and migratory nature of man persisted, and, together with his goats and cattle, he moved on to fresh pastures and meadows. Some conflicts would sometimes take place among herd-owners, for, during this period, the institution of nominal private property ownership was not known.
This stage paves the way for the agricultural stage', during which the class system began to develop. There was a small artisan class mostly self-employed; and there were also landed proprietors or Zamindars as well as slaves. Thus, arose the feudal system. During the fourth stage of these developments, the handicrafts stage', a number of social and economic changes took place which
labour problem in the world. The self-sufficient economy of the village underwent a drastic change. The community of traders and merchants emerged.
104. Humanity's evolution from primitive stage to the present has been
(a) static and smooth
(b) huge and diversified
(c) always violent
(d) always peaceful
105. ......"man's problems were never before as complicated as they seem to be today" means
(a) the present times are the best times of humanity
(b) the present times are the crucial period for humanity
(c) the present times pose much more challenges to humans than the previous times
(d) the present times provide much more facilities than the previous times
106. Why does the author say that labour problems did not exist during the hunting and
fishing stage"?
(a)There was no nation existing at that time
(b) There were no economic, political and social systems
(c) There was no capitalism and market
(d) There was no labour law
107. “The pastoral stage was marked by a certain amount of economic activity." How?
(a) Humans started migrating and held goat-herds
(b) Humans started owning land
(c) Conflicts started as humans owned goats
(d) Humans started doing agriculture
108. Which word in the passage means 'surfaced'?
(a) Quenched
(b) Emerged
(c) Nomadic
(d) Adequately
Passage II
Ever since independence, land reforms have been a major instrument of State policy to promote both equity and agricultural investment. Unfortunately, progress on land reforms has been slow, reflecting the resilience of structures of power that gave rise to the problem in the first place.
The main instrument for realizing more equitable distribution of land is the land ceiling laws. These laws were enacted by several States during the late 1950s and 1960s, and the early 1970 saw more stringent amendments in the laws to plug loopholes in the earlier laws. But the record of implementation has not been satisfactory. Around 3 million hectares of land has been declared surplus so far, which is hardly 2 percent of net sown area in India. About 30 percent of this land has not yet been distributed as it is caught up in the litigations. Besides, a number of Benari and clandestine transactions have resulted in illegal possession of significant amounts of land above
ceiling limits. There are widespread reports of allotment of inferior, unproductive, barren and wasteland to landless household, many of whom have been forced to sell it off, in the absence of resources to make it productive. In many instances, lands allotted to the rural poor under the ceiling laws are not in their possession. In some cases, Pattas were issued to the beneficiaries, but possession of land shown in the Pattas was not given, or corresponding changes were not made in the records of right.
The balance of power in rural India is so heavily weighed against the landless and the poor that implementing land ceiling laws is difficult. It is clear that without massive mobilization of the rural
ding on democratic governance in rural India, very little can be achieved in this direction.
Although half of India's population continues to depend on agriculture as its primary source of livelihood, 83 percent of farmers operate holdings of less than 2 hectares in size, and the average holding size is only 1.23 hectares. This is often in fragments and unirrigated. There are also those who are entirely landless, although agriculture is their main source of livelihood. They have inadequate financial resources to purchase and often depend on leasing in small plots, on insecure terms, for short periods, sometimes only for one season. Hence, many face insecurity of tenure and the growing threat of land alienation and pressure from urbanization, industrialization and powerful interest.
109. Why does the land reform prove to be slow?
(a) Because of the disparity in power structure
(b) Because of the power of the government
(c) Because States have different laws
(d) Because of the scarcity of land in the country
110. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Land ceiling laws have proved to be unsatisfactory.
2. The democratic structure of the government cannot provide solution to the problem of land reforms.
3. The owners of land have abundant natural resources.
4. Identified land for distribution has not been distributed due to court cases against it.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 4
(b) 1 only
(c) 3 and 4
(d) 2 and 4
111. One of the reasons of selling off the lands by the allottees is that the lands were.
(a) unproductive and barren
(b) salty, not getting water
(c) fertile, but uncultivable
(d) with the powerful people
112. Which word/group of words in the passage means lawsuit'?
(a) Amendments
(b) Litigations
(c) Illegal possession
(d) Fragments
113. According to the author, what is the primary source of livelihood of majority of India's population?
(a) Industry
(b) Forest
(c) Agriculture
(d) None
114. "There are also those who are entirely landless, although agriculture is their main source of
livelihood" means
(a) they do not have money to buy lands
(b) they have sold off their lands to others
(c) most of them are agriculture labourers
(d) they are migrant labourers from other places
Passage III
Despite downsizings, workers' overall job satisfaction actually improved between 1988 and 1994. Some reasons given were improved work flow, better cooperation between departments, and increased fairness in supervision. Many firms today rely on attitude surveys to monitor how employees feel about working in their firms.
The use of employee attitude surveys had grown since 1944 when the National Industrial Conference Board "had difficulty finding fifty companies that had conducted opinion surveys". Today, most companies are aware of the need for employees' anonymity, the impact of both the design of the questions and their sequence, the importance of effective communication, including knowing the purpose of the survey before it is taken and getting feedback to the employees after it is completed. Computerization of surveys can provide anonymity, if there is no audit trail to the user, especially for short answers that are entered rather than written or typed on an identifiable machine.
Survey software packages are available that generate questions for a number of standard topics and can be customized by modifying existing questions or by adding questions. If the survey is computerized, reports can be generated with ease to provide snapshots of a given period of time, trend analysis, and breakdowns according to various demographics. You may be interested in responses by age, sex, job categories, departments, division, functions or geography. The survey can be conducted by placing microcomputers in several locations convenient for employees ‘use. Employees are advised where the computers will be, for how long, and when the data will be collected (for instance, daily at 5:00 p.m. for three weeks). The screens should not be viewable.
to supervisors or passers-by. While there may be some risk that employees will take the survey more than once, there are comparable risks with other methods too.
Managers may be interested in knowing how they are perceived by their peers and subordinates. Packages are available that can be customized, which allow the manager to complete a self-assessment tool used to compare self-perceptions to the anonymous opinions of others. This comparison may assist in the development of a more effective manager.
115. Which one of the following is not the reason for improved job satisfaction of employees?
(a) Improved work flow
(b) Better cooperation between departments
(c) Supervisors' fairness
(d) Increased remuneration
116. Companies feel that it is necessary to
(a) maintain anonymity of the employees and to have effective design and sequence of questions and effective communication
(b) maintain the fairness of the managers to be part of the survey
(c) conduct surveys from their employees
(d) maintain anonymity of the employees and not to have effective design and sequence of questions and effective communication
117. One major benefit of using survey software packages is
(a) reports can be generated easily
(b) privacy of a person is exposed to the supervisors
(c) employees would like to take up the test on computer
(d) employer can get to know the information immediately
118. Which word in the passage means tendency'?
(a) Trend
(b) Breakdowns
(c) Convenient
(d) Perceptions
119. "The screens should not be viewable to supervisors or passers-by." Why?
(a) To maintain the secrecy of a person
(b) The main problem is to enable everyone to participate
(c) The manager has to be fair enough
(d) To maintain the problems faced by women in job market
120. What does the word 'customized' mean here?
(a) Adapted
(b) Take as it is
(c) Fixed
(d) Mass produced
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